History of the Eastern World

令和元年度入学者	History of the Eastern World
教員名	梅川純代
単位数	2	学年	1～4	開講区分	文理学部
科目群	総合教育科目
学期	半期	履修区分	選択

授業概要	Outline of Chinese thoughts in historical point of view in comparison with and contrast to other Asian thoughts.
授業のねらい・到達目標	This course will attempt to grasp the historical flow of Asian thoughts by taking Chinese ones as main example. The course will focus on three topics related with the idea of life, death and health. By comparing the Chinese ideas with other Asian viewpoints, namely Japanese and Indian, we will be able to understand the historical frameworks of Asian thoughts about life. この科目は文理学部（学士（文学））のディプロマポリシーDP1，DP2，DP3，DP4，DP5及びカリキュラムポリシーCP2，CP5，CP6，CP8に対応しています。
授業の方法	This course is performed in a style of lecture. No particular text or study-aid book is required for students to buy in advance, but recommended reading list will be provided in a class. Three short essays will be required during the term, which will be counted as participation mark. All students will be required to hand in the final long essay at the end of the term which will be the main ground for the marking. It would be prefarable for students to read articles mentioned during the lecture afterwards.

授業計画
1	Introduction: This lecture will explain how the process and purposes of the whole lecture. We will briefly go through the Chinese dynastic history and check how each dynasty is known in English. Preperation: Checking the history of China. Review: Going through the English terms for Chinese Dynasties.
2	Topic 1; The idea of Life and Death - the idea of QI in China: We will investigate the idea of QI in China so to understand how this idea had found the concept of life in relation with body and "soul" in China. Preperation: Checking the Chinese characters "hun / Kon" and "po/ Haku". Review: Going through the lecture note to understand Chinese concept of body and soul.
3	Topic 1; The idea of Life and Death - in India: We will focus on the idea of reincarnation in India, through which we compare and contrast the Indian attitude toward life in relation with body and "soul" with Chinese ones. Preperation: Checking the term "Rin'ne" in Japanese dictionary. Review: Going through the lecture note to confirm Indian ideas of body and soul.
4	Topic 1; The idea of Life and Death - in Japan: We will examine the ancient Japanese ideas of Kami. By so doing, we will further survey Japanese idea of life and death. Finally, we will discuss how Japanese idea of life and death had been shifted with the allience with Chinese and Indian ideas of them. Preperation: Checking the term "Kami" in Japanese dictionary. Review: Going through the lecture note to deepen the understandings.
5	Topic 1; The idea of Life and Death - different viewpoints toward infant baby: We will concentrate on religious attitudes toward infant baby in China and Japan so to see the similarity and difference of the Chinese and Japanese ideas about the new life. Preperation: Checking the temr "Neitan", "Chinese Alchemy", or "Naitan". Review: Going through the lecture note for understanding.
6	Topic 2; The better-beings-Transcendents in China 1---up to the end of Han: We will examine Chinese images of "transcendents" by the middle of Han Dynastic period by consulting "Liexianzhuan" by Liu Xiang. By doing so, we will achieve the better understanding about Chinese ideas of life and the idealistic beings in ancient China. Preparation: Checking the term "Liexianzhuan" or "Lessenden". Review: Going through the introduced transcendents in Japanese translation.
7	Topic 2; The better-beings-Transcendets in China 2--- since Six Dynasties: We will continue to investigate the Chinese images of "transcendent" from Six Dynasties onward by referring to "Shenxianzhuan" by Ge Hong. By doing so, we will further examine how the images of the idealistic humans shifted and why. This will lead us to better and deeper understanding about Chinese ideas of life. Preparation: Checking the term "Shenxianzhuan" or "Shinsenden". Review: Going through the introduced transcendents in Japanese translation.
8	Topic 2; The better-beings - in Buddhism: We will discuss Indian ideas of the idealistic beings by going through the rough history of the development of Buddhism. It will not only lead us to understand Indian ideas of better beings but also give us some clues to understand Japanese ideas of them. Preparation: Checking the terms "Theraveda", "Hinayana", "Mahayana", or "Jyozabu Bukkyo", "Shojyo Bukkyo", "Daijyo Bukkyo". Review: Going through the lecture notes to grasp the dynamism of Buddhist movements.
9	Topic 2; The better-beings - in Alchemical Daoism: We will examine the general ideas and practices of Alchemical Daoism in China, so that we can get outline of the latest model of Chinese transcendent. By doing so, we can further investigate the historical process of the changes in Chinese ideas of life. Preparation: Checking the notes for 5th, 6th and 7th lectures. Revew: Going throug the lecture notes for deeper understandings of Chinese better-beings.
10	Topic 3; Techniques for Nourishing Life-Herbal and Acpuncture in China and Japan: This lecture will forcus on the human activities to maintain the general health in addition to the promotion of "super" life. We will go through the basic theories for herbal and acpunctual techniques in China and see how those techniques influenced Japan. Preparation: Try one of the following methods beforehand, if possibe: Acpuncture, Moxibustion, Massage, or Shiatsu. Review: Try another methods for further understandings.
11	Topic 3; Techniques for Nourishing Life - Art of the Bedchamber in India, China and Japan 1: We will focus on sexual technology developed in India and China. This lacture will concentrate on Chinese theories and techniques as a start. We will investigate why these methods were required, what kind of people needed these methods and for what purpose they practised them. We will further examine logical backgrounds of these methods.
12	Topic 3; Techniques for Nourishing Life-Art of the Bedchamber in India, China and Japan 2: We will continue on the sruvey of sexual methods in India, China and Japan. This lecture will compare the Indian methods with Chinese one to see the similarity and differences in theory and purpose. We will shift our attention to Japan and see the influence from China. We will further investigate how Japanese accepted and changed Chinese sexual methods. By doing so, we will be able to grasp how the cultural differences affects the transmittion of ideas and technology. Preparation: Checking the term "Art of the Bedchamber" or "Bochujyutu" on the internet. Review: Going through the lecture notes for better understandings.
13	Topic 3; Techniques for Nourishing Life - Physical and Meditational Practice 1: We will go through the physical and mental techniques developed in Eastern Asia, by focusing on martial art and meditational practices. This lecture will concentrate on meditational practices and go through Indian yogic techniques, Chinese meditational and alchemic techniques and Buddhist esoteric and zen meditations. By doing so, we will see most of East Asian meditational techniques have close connection with physical state as well as many of them attempt to achieve the very similar goal known in different phrasings. Preparation: Try one of the following meditations, if possible: Sitting Zen meditation, Standing meditation, Mandara meditation, or Yoga. Review: Try another meditation for deeper understandings.
14	Topic 3; Techniques for Nourishing Life - Physical and Meditational Practice 2 : We will continue on the study of physical and mental techniques. This lecture will focus on the development of martial art in China and see its close connection with religion or the condition of mind. Preparation: It would be prefarable to watch some Kunfu action movies. Review: Going through the comic "Kenji" ir prefarable.
15	Revision; We will go through the whole lecture. Students may ask questions and request the further explanations on the relating topics. Preparation: Checking the lecture notes and summarize the questions you need to ask. Review: Going through the lecture notes.

その他
教科書	使用しない
参考書	使用しない
成績評価の方法及び基準	レポート(60%)、授業参画度(40%)
オフィスアワー	e-mail to [email protected]